Design of Delay Unit Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Design of Delay Unit - Lab Report Example This means that the pin will deliver only 200mA Pin 6 – this is the threshold pin of the chip. This pin detects two thirds of the rail voltage for it to make a LOW state output only if pin two is in HIGH state. This pin contains a very high impedance and triggers at about 1uA. A 555 timer based oscillator is a circuit that generates highly and clear free running waveforms. The output frequency of these waveforms can be adjusted by connecting an RC circuit with one capacitor and two resistors. This circuits is a type of the general relaxation oscillator which generates square waveforms that are stable. These waveforms can have a fixed frequency of about 500 kHz or it can have duty cycles that are varying from fifty to a hundred percent. Unlike monostable circuits that stops after the pre-set time has elapsed, this oscillator circuit has a re-triggering mechanism achieved by interfacing the trigger input pin two and pin six which is the threshold voltage. This makes the device t o be an astable oscillator circuit. In the above oscillator circuit, pin two and pin six are connected together. This allows the circuit tio have a self-triggering mechanism in each operation cycle. This makes the circuit’s operation a free running oscillator. This circuit is also known as voltage-to-frequency converter. This is because its output frequency can be varied by varying the applied input voltage. These waveforms can have a fixed frequency of about 500 kHz or it can have duty cycles that are varying from fifty to a hundred percent.

Essay About Stereotyping Essay Example for Free

Essay About Stereotyping Essay Chimamanda Adichie uses the phrase â€Å"The Danger of a Single Story.† She states â€Å"it robs people of dignity. It makes our recognition of our equal humanity difficult. It emphasizes how we are different rather than how we are similar†. Adichie was referring to stereotyping or is what she calls â€Å"The Danger of a Single Story.† A single story is an oversimplified, usually pejorative, attitude people hold toward those outside one’s own experience who are different. Adichie says â€Å"The single story creates stereotypes, and the problem with stereotypes is not that they are untrue, but that they are incomplete. They make one story become the only story.† When she stated that it brought me back to my childhood because I remember as a young African American girl growing up with a bunch of Caucasians. I used to get judged because I was black and many kids thought that I came from Africa and that I wasn’t smart or that I didn’t have the ability to read or write because I was African American. They were basically calling me dumb and were grouping all African Americans in that category and I just thought oh they were just joking around, but I came to realize that they weren’t joking. They were kids who were saying things that they have over heard about in their household or have been taught growing up. Stereotyping is still an issue in society today and I feel as though everyone stereotypes. There are many different viewpoints from every individual in the world from their race, background, gender, as well as their age groups. According to Joi Downing, stereotyping is formed many different ways and for many different reasons. Joi states that â€Å"stereotyping is formed to describe a person or to make judgments about a person.† She believes they are formed by social media and what people where taught when growing up. Downing says she doesn’t believe that they were formed in today’s time but that they have evolved from the past. She believes the only reason people stereotype is because that is how they were raised and/or they are just doing what they saw when they were growing up. She states â€Å"I’ve seen this happen in front of my ey es and I know  many people like this.† Downing has reasons and is certain that most people just stereotype because they see other people doing it so they do the same and then there are others who are just doing what they were taught. Although Anthony has the same views as Joi, they differ in many ways. Anthony argues that most people do not intentionally mean to pass judgment on people, however others do. He states â€Å"Personally, I think it is part of human nature to place things into categories. But, over time, we as people have learned how to classify people and things into certain groups depending on color, race, size, or economic stability.† He says that most people simply and innocently assume that due to similarities between individuals or things, they can be automatically categorized. Anthony states that â€Å"Sometimes we end up placing them into a category that has nothing to do with them, but because they seem to look or act similar to something, we automatically assume they are the same.† Anthony believes that everyone automatically stereotypes no matter what, but don’t mean to. Joi and Anthony have just about the same views on single stories, but their views are a little different in some aspects. Anthony argues that people do not intentionally mean to pass judgments on people, but Joi thinks a little differently. She believes that most people just stereotype because they see other people doing it, so they are intentionally meaning to judge or stereotype others. As Anthony being an older Caucasian male, he has different ways of looking at stereotyping than Joi being a young African American female. There are different viewpoints abut stereotyping from many races, age groups as well as gender.

The Defense Of Humbert Humberts Novels English Literature Essay

The Defense Of Humbert Humberts Novels English Literature Essay The narrator of Vladimir Nabokovs novel Lolita, Humbert Humbert, denounces himself and refers to himself as a brute, (Nabokov 193). It is all too easy for many readers to add their own condemnation; after all, Humbert is a grown man who over the course of the story lusts after and engages in sexual relations with a twelve year old girl. Yet a deeper reading of the material reveals that there may be more to the story than a simple case of pedophilia. An examination of character and symbolism in Vladimir Nabokovs Lolita provides evidence to support the theory that Humbert is a sympathetic but flawed character who is manipulated by Dolores Haze. First of all, Humbert offers an argument for his actions that allows insight into his reasoning. The relationship between Humbert and Lolita is not socially acceptable, but Humbert tries to normalize his actions, citing Poe, Proust, and Petrarch to show how norms have altered over time, (Rothstein 22). Humbert defends himself from time to time by citing historical relationships that were similar to his with Lolita, pointing out that such relationships were acceptable in certain times and places, and even arguing that many girls of Lolitas age have reached a state of physical maturity. When he states that soon I found myself maturing amid a civilization which allows a man of twenty-five to court a girl of sixteen but not a girl of twelve, it becomes clear that Humbert views society, rather than himself, as the flawed factor in this equation (Nabokov 16). Regardless of his arguments, according to the standards of twentieth century American culture Humberts relationship with Lolita is s ocially unacceptable and he remains branded as a child molester. Once more, Humbert is saved from being entirely evil. Humbert is not interested in children, and is described as having the utmost respect for ordinary children, with their purity and vulnerability, and under no circumstances would he have interfered with the innocence of a child, (Nabokov 19-20). Douglas Fowler agrees, asserting that Humbert is no deflowerer of innocent children (49). Instead, Humberts interest lies with what he calls a nymphet, or a young girl who attracts those much older than herself and who is a deadly little demon among the wholesome children, (As Nabokov 16-7). As predatory as his behavior may appear, Humbert has no intention of corrupting or harming the innocent. Unfortunately, these rationalizations lose some of their effectiveness when taking into consideration that they come from an adult who should know better. On the other hand, the argument that Humberts inner child plays into his behavior provides an alternative explanation for those actions. Near the beginning of the text, Humbert relates the tale from his childhood of a seaside romance with a girl named Annabel, which was broken off first by the interference of a pair of adults and finally by the girls death. This sad situation reflects the poem Annabel Lee by Edgar Allan Poe, with its tale of lost love. I was a child and she was a child, In this kingdom by the sea: But we loved with a love that was more than love- I and my Annabel Lee; (Poe 7-10) Humbert feels intrinsically tied to Annabel, again shadowing the speaker of the poems assertion that nothing[c]an ever dissever my soul from the soul of the beautiful Annabel Lee, (Poe 32-3). It can be argued that Humbert never entirely grew up as a result of this incident; part of his soul was stunted by his unconsummated childhood love affair. Humbert himself admits to the influence that these circumstances have on later events when he says that in point of fact, there might have been no Lolita at all had I not loved, one summer, a certain initial girl-child, (Nabokov 9). The concept that Humberts inner child influences his behavior is reinforced by yet more evidence from the story. For example, when Humbert and Lolita set off on their initial road trip he showers her with gifts and goes out of his way to entertain her, referring to himself as eager, hopeful Hum, (Nabokov 140). This reads like a nervous young boy trying desperately to please the girl whom he admires, hoping to catc h her attention and gain her favor. The fact that Humbert expresses disgust with his own adult form, which he refers to as his adult disguise, also lends support to this argument (Nabokov 39). Margaret Morganroth Gullette points out that to Humbert, [a]ll grownup characteristics over-sized frame, hairiness, smell are unnatural to the soul that feels itself to be essentially childlike, (223) and that this is a loathing which he projects onto adult women, (222). The idea that Humbert is actually a child trapped in a mans body makes his infatuation with Lolita if not socially acceptable, then at least somewhat more understandable. If the reader can find a trace of innocence by delving beneath Humberts sinister surface, an examination of Lolita exposes a surprising lack of virtue lying underneath her childlike mask. Nabokov establishes the inconsistency of her character within the very first paragraph: She was Lo, plain Lo, in the morning, standing four feet ten in one sock. She was Lola in slacks. She was Dolly at school. She was Dolores on the dotted line. But in my arms she was always Lolita (9). The girls constantly shifting name mirrors the metamorphic quality her character; in one moment she is an injured child, and in the next she reads as a calculating seductress. In many ways she seems to be an average American child, and yet she has none of the innocence that childhood implies. The truth is that she is aware of Humberts infatuation with her and torments him with lines such as [w]ell, you havent kissed me yet, have you? (Nabokov 112). Humbert may never have gone so far as to actually have intercourse w ith a nymphet were it not for his interactions with Lolita. In fact, it is Lolita who actually seduces Humbert, and then goes on to reveal a history of sexual deviancy. Suffice to say that not a trace of modesty did I perceive in this beautiful hardly formed young girl whom modern co-education, juvenile mores, the campfire racket and so forth had utterly and hopelessly depraved, Humbert comments, (Nabokov 133). Because of this previous corruption, Nabokov saves him from the act of actually deflowering precocious Dolores Haze and shifts moral responsibility away, (Fowler 149). This encounter occurs in an inn named The Enchanted Hunters, introducing the symbolism of the hunter, by which Humbert is a hunter whose plans are turned on their head by the youthful nymphet. This theme is echoed later by Lolitas involvement in a play titled The Enchanted Hunters, in which she portrays a perfect little nymph who places several lost hunters under hypnosis (Nabokov 196). Indeed, Humbert spends t he entirety of the story under Lolitas spell. Perhaps the most compelling argument in Humberts favor is that he truly loves Lolita. At first it seems that his love is based upon his view of her as the reincarnation of his lost Annabel, but while Lolitas resemblance to Annabel may have sparked Humberts attraction to her, the idea that this is the driving force behind his attraction soon loses its potency. As Humbert explains, A little later, of course, she à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ was to eclipse completely her prototype, (Nabokov 39-40). Thus, it becomes clear that Humberts love is for her, and not for a mere replacement of Annabel. The novel is filled with Humberts endearments for Lolita and his obsession with her is palpable. However, there is a difference between obsession and love, and throughout the novel the nature of his feelings for Lolita is ambiguous. It is at the end of the novel that the true extent of his love for Lolita is revealed. As Noni Tamir-Ghez writes, only at the end does he (and therefore the reader) understand that he actually loves Lolita, not the nymphet in her, (82). When Humbert finally locates Lolita after three years of searching, he discovers that his nubile nymphet has been replaced with a heavily pregnant and worn-out house-wife. Surprisingly, the man who has been disgusted by signs of aging throughout the entirety of the novel is not repulsed by this glaringly adult version of Lolita. Rather than dissipating, his love for her shows through with full force. He insists that I loved my Lolita, this Lolita, pale and polluted, and big with anothers child, (Nabokov 278). Humbert shows the most humanity when he not only discovers the true depth of his feelings for Lolita, but also takes responsibility for his part in the events in the story. He relates an incident during Lolitas absence when he listens to the voices of children and comes to realize that the hopelessly poignant thing was not Lolitas absence from my side, but the absence of her voice from that concord, (Nabokov 308). Only no w does Humberts love for Lolita overcome his need for her. This combined with his regret for his actions makes it easier for the reader to sympathize with him. Humbert attests to his own guilt and the entire novel is intended as a confession. However, if Lolita can be viewed as the victim of a child molester, then Humbert can also be seen as the victim of both his own warped mind and the manipulation of a deviant child. Without the context of the story it would be difficult to understand Humberts actions, let alone forgive him for them. However, Nabokov provides ample material to support the conclusion of Humberts vulnerability. Upon examining his character, Humbert is shown to not truly be a monster, but instead a deeply flawed individual: emotionally stunted, self-deluded, and irresistibly drawn to that which society has deemed is unattainable.

Ney York Times article :: essays research papers

SENATE MAJORITY LEADER Tom Daschle called Cheney’s stance â€Å"unfortunate.† â€Å"The American people have a right to know what the facts are,† Daschle said on CBS’s â€Å"Face the Nation.† â€Å"I think the administration needs to open up, to be willing to be forthcoming with all the information regarding these circumstances.† At issue are meetings Cheney or members of his energy task force held with officials of energy firms, including the now-collapsed Enron Corp., while the energy policy was being formed last year. Cheney spoke on the same day a New York Times/CBS News Poll showed a majority of Americans believe the administration is hiding something or lying about its dealings with Enron. CREATING A ‘CHILL’ Cheney said his office already has given investigators numerous financial and other records. Advertisement What he won’t turn over, despite demands by investigators and Democratic members of Congress, is â€Å"a listing of everybody I meet with, of everything that was discussed, any advice that was received, notes and minutes of those meetings,† Cheney told â€Å"Fox News Sunday.† â€Å"Now, that would be unprecedented in the sense that that’s not been done before. It’s unprecedented in the sense that it would make it virtually impossible for me to have confidential conversations with anybody,† he said. â€Å"You just cannot accept that proposition without putting a chill over the ability of the president and vice president to receive unvarnished advice.† LAWSUIT CONSIDERED David Walker, the head of the General Accounting Office, the investigative arm of Congress, has said he will decide next week whether to file a lawsuit to force the White House to turn over documents on the meetings. Cheney said the GAO is a â€Å"creature of Congress† whose authority does not extend to the White House. â€Å"I’m a constitutional officer, and the authority of the GAO does not extend in that case to my office.† Daschle suggested that Congress could take action beyond the GAO probe. â€Å"We will analyze just what our options are, what prospects there would be for Congress asserting itself,† he said, without elaborating. White House chief of staff Andrew Card agreed with Cheney that the administration’s ability to have confidential talks with advisers should be fiercely guarded. â€Å"I believe very strongly in protecting the privilege of the president† on recommendations that may not come out in public domain, he said on NBC’s â€Å"Meet the Press.† THE ENRON CONNECTION Cheney said the administration’s stance is the same as it was last August, when investigators sought similar information.

Why Playing Important Part for Development in Child

At one time, play was what children did while their parents got on with the housework or needed a bit of rest in between chores. Nowadays, the saying that â€Å"play is the child's work† from child psychologists and educators has led parents to believe that play is something that has to be â€Å"worked at† for the success of their children. They seem to think that play must have a purpose, that it has to be time-tabled into their already over-crowded day, or else they did feel guilty for being a ‘bad mother' or an ‘uncaring father. That just kicking a ball around in fun is not good enough any more, they may be selling their children short if they do not give them ‘play with a purpose'. Playing with your child should be as natural as leaves to a tree. The parents are a child's first playmates. They are introduced to the joy of being with each other in an atmosphere of joyful sharing and enjoyment of each other. To a child, any activity that she enjoys i s play. It is her way of preparing herself to appreciate and learn about the world around her.Through play, a child learns about space, about color and sound, textures and smells. By playing with others, she learns to live with her fellow-people and to develop confidence in her ability to think creatively. Often we meet children who have grown up in isolation, who have not learned to play or interact with their peers. They find it difficult to become part of the human race, to enjoy the camaraderie of friendship. It is important for working mother to remember that play does not mean having to throw a ball across a field or dress dolls with your child.Play is an attitude of mind. It is an attitude of the child that says, ‘Hey, this is fun! † whether it be playing with a high-powered radio-controlled car with her father or kneading dough for cookies with her mother. It is an attitude of the parent which can say â€Å"I enjoy being with my child and doing things with herâ € . In addition, play is not necessarily the world of toys. To a child, play exits in the most unexpected places. The drawer of cutlery, the cupboard of ots and pans, the box of wastepaper, cushions on the floor or empty boxes or spools of threads which are all worlds of magic play. Children who are not given a lot of conventional toys create creatively, and will continue to create with pleasure all their lives. In conclusion, to understand the world of play is essential to the working mother who can then enter it whenever she can and be it only now and then. You really should be spending more time playing with your children. Come, play with me!

Environmental Vocabulary for English Learners

Environmental Vocabulary for English Learners For English-language learners, vocabulary related to environmental issues can be challenging. Tables sectioned according to types of environmental issues can help. These tables provide the word or phrase in the left column and an example of how to use the term(s) in the righthand column to provide context. Important Issues From acid rain to pollution and radioactive waste, there are many environmental issues around which discussion and debate have evolved. Students will likely hear many of these terms on the news or read about them on the internet and in newspapers. The general list of issues should prove helpful. Term or Phrase Example Sentence acid rain The acid rain ruined the soil for the next three generations. aerosol Aerosol can be extremely toxic and must be used with care when sprayed in the air. animal welfare We must consider animal welfare as we strive to create a balance between man and nature. carbon monoxide Its important to have a carbon monoxide detector in your home for safety. climate The climate of an area can change over long periods of time. conservation Conservation focuses on making sure we protect the nature we havent already lost. endangered species There are many endangered species all over the planet that need our help. energy Humans are using an ever increasing amount of energy. nuclear energy Nuclear energy has passed out of fashion after a number of serious environmental disasters. solar energy Many hope that solar energy can wean us off our need for fossil fuels. exhaust fumes The exhaust fumes from cars standing in traffic can make you cough. fertilizers Fertilizers used by huge farms can pollute drinking water for miles around. forest fires Forest fires can burn out of control and create hazy weather conditions. global warming Some doubt that global warming is real. greenhouse effect The greenhouse effect is said to heat up the earth. (non)renewable resources As we move forward, we need to become more dependent on renewable energy resources. nuclear The exploration of nuclear science has created great boons, as well as horrific dangers for humanity. nuclear fallout The nuclear fallout from a bomb would be devastating to the local population. nuclear reactor The nuclear reactor was taken offline because of technical problems. Oil slick The oil slick caused by the sinking vessel could be seen for tens of miles. ozone layer Industrial additives have been threatening the ozone layer for many years. pesticide While its true that pesticides help kill off unwanted insects, there are serious problems to be considered. pollution Water and air pollution situations have improved over the last few decades in many countries. protected animal Its a protected animal in this country. You cant hunt it! rainforest The rain forest is lush and green, bursting with life from all sides. unleaded petrol Unleaded petrol is certainly cleaner than leaded petrol. waste The amount of plastic waste in the ocean is shocking. nuclear waste Nuclear waste can remain active for many thousands of years. radioactive waste They stored the radioactive waste at the site in Hanford. wildlife We must take the wildlife into account before we develop the site. Natural Disasters From drought to volcanic eruptions, natural disasters are a big part of the environmental discussion, as this table shows. Term or Phrase Example Sentence drought The drought has gone on for sixteen straight months. No water to be seen! earthquake The earthquake devastated the little village in the Rhine River. flood The flood forced more than 100 families from their homes. tidal wave A tidal wave hit the island. Luckily, no one was lost. typhoon The typhoon hit and dropped more than ten inches of rain in one hour! volcanic eruption Volcanic eruptions are spectacular, but they dont occur very often. Politics and Action Discussion generally leads to the formation of environmental groups and actions, some positive and some negative, as this final listing demonstrates. Environmental groups are followed by a listing of verbs (or actions) related to the environment and environmental issues. Term or Phrase Example Sentence environmental group The environmental group presented their case to the community. green issues Green issues have become one of the most important themes of this election cycle. pressure group The pressure group forced the company to stop building on that site. cut down We need to cut down on pollution drastically. destroy Human greed destroys millions of acres each year. dispose (of) The government must dispose of the waste properly. dump You can dump recyclable garbage in this container. protect Its our responsibility to protect the natural habit of this beautiful planet before its too late. pollute If you pollute in your own backyard, youll eventually notice it. recycle Make sure to recycle all paper and plastics. save We save bottles and newspapers to take to recycle at the end of each month. throw away Never just throw away a plastic bottle. Recycle it! use up Hopefully, well not use up all our resources before we start solving this problem together.

The Pollution Caused by Cruise Ships Essays

The Pollution Caused by Cruise Ships Essays The Pollution Caused by Cruise Ships Paper The Pollution Caused by Cruise Ships Paper These ships carry up to 3,000 passengers who spend enormous amounts of money at tourist locations around the world. It is estimated that millions of dollars are generated and placed into the tourism markets annually. This is great news for local communities that depend on the cruise ship industry in order to survive, however it is bad news when it comes to the environment. Cruise ships create a massive amount of waste which ends up polluting our water ways and sending vast levels of pollutants into the air as well. These large ships typically produce around 170,000 gallons of waste water, 21 ,OHO gallons of sewage, 6,400 gallons of bilge water, and 1 ton of solid waste per day ((Brooks ; Dunn, 2012). Unfortunately, these waste products are dumped into our oceans, seas, rivers, and lakes. There are numerous laws, regulations, and guidelines to prevent such things from happening but most of the cruise ship operations have found a way to work around them. They understand that states such as Alaska and Washington prohibit dumping of waste materials in their waters. The cruise ship corporations have taken advantage of the relaxed laws of places like British Columbia (B. C. ) which for the most part allows them to release their waste products into their water areas. This presents a dilemma for the cruise ship industry because they ultimately have to decide between making a profit and being environmentally sound. Corporations such as the cruise ship industry have an ethical responsibility to et all environmental regulations and laws regardless of where they are sailing. Corporations have an obligation to the general public and that includes making sure they are meeting standards set forth by the government. Environmental groups have a major influence on the general public and can create enough pressure where the reputation of a company is tarnished and sales start to decrease. It would be to a corporations advantage to show the general public that it is going above and beyond meeting environmental needs regardless of the rules in a particular country, Tate, etc. When sailing in international waters cruise ships should go by the strictest of all guidelines. Ethically, a corporation should set the standard for all others to follow. They cant allow relaxed rules to be an excuse for creating environmental damage. The general public would feel betrayed to learn that a company built on having good, clean, vacation fun is in fact dirtying up the water ways. Coos of such corporations should exercise due care and professional skepticism. They should ask how my actions will affect the water ways in the future. In addition, executives should question the rules of other countries and do everything in their power not to take advantage of weak laws. Rot cities depend on tourism to generate revenue within their communities. It is of the most importance to balance the needs of tourism against the needs of maintaining an environmentally safe society. Compromise is essential in the effort to reduce as much waste going into our waters as possible. These tourist destinations should always work with the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency to develop reas onable plans that can e accomplished slowly in order to prevent pollution now and in the future. It is understood that cruise ships will always have waste products to get rid of so decisions should be based on what is good for the environment not solely on tourism. The responsibility to maintain a clean and healthy environment is up to everyone. Corporations have a major responsibility as well because they can influence the thoughts, ideas, and beliefs of the average citizen. If a major corporation promotes the idea of improving air and water quality then it can influence the actions of other corporations. The cruise ship industry is in the position to set the standards for all to follow. They have the ability to show others that no matter the location or circumstances that a standard set of rules should always be followed. They should not let profit get in the way of doing the right thing. In the long run doing what is expected is more important than profit. The general public would accept a rise in ticket prices for a cruise if they were informed that it is because of the environmental rules they are trying to follow. Profit is the main goal of any organization, but it should not come at the expense of peoples health and well being. If the proper research is conducted and coordination between countries is established then it should be no reason why environmental needs should not be met. The general public is the first priority of corporations and every effort Of compromise should be attempted.

Showcase Cinemas Summer Reading Program for Kids

Showcase Cinemas Summer Reading Program for Kids The Showcase Cinemas summer reading program (formerly National Amusements) gives kids free movie tickets to see a free summer movie each week for each book they read and fill out a book report over. The Showcase Cinemas summer reading program for 2018 is called Bookworm Wednesdays. Looking for more summer reading programs that will score your kids some freebies? Check out my list of the best summer reading program freebies. How to See Free Movies From the Showcase Cinemas Summer Reading Program Visit Showcase Cinemas Bookworm Wednesdays and click on Download the Book Report to open a PDF file of the book report form. Print out the book report and fill out the title of the book you read, the author, a description of the book, and the childs name. Bring the completed book report into a participating Showcase Cinemas movie theater each Wednesday from July 11, 2018, to August 1, 2018, for the 9:00 or 10:00 a.m. movie to get free admission. Free Movies Available From the Showcase Cinemas Summer Reading Program The Showcase Cinemas summer reading program gives out free movie tickets to a select kids movies that play every Wednesday morning at 9:00 or 10:00 a.m. (depending on your theater location) beginning on July 11 until August 1. This means that your kid can see 4 free movies this summer! Heres the schedule for the free Showcase Cinemas kids movies: July 11: FerdinandJuly 18: TrollsJuly 25: Kung Fu Panda 3August 1: Captain Underpants Limits to Be Aware Of The Showcase Cinemas summer reading program is available only at participating Showcase Cinemas locations. Parents who take their kid for the free movie get free admission as do children 6 years and younger without submitting a book report.

Safety management assignment # 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Safety management # 2 - Assignment Example Falling down and experiencing an injury are a hazard that must be identified and a rough estimate given. Another expected probability is equipment failure. Chances that the ladder will be faulty must be kept in mind. The next essential step in a job safety analysis is determining the solution to the hazards identified. By this, the hazards can be controlled and safety effected. Hazards can be controlled through administrative controls and or engineering solutions. The recommended steps that will reduce hazard risks are identified, as well as the risks of the workplace injury or illness. The following are the appropriate job safety analysis steps to follow. First, job with the highest risk for a workplace injury or illness is selected. In this case, the task to be done is to fix a leaking roof. The highest risk is identified as well as the potential injuries and or illness. Next, the necessary steps for completion of the task are identified and recorded. All probable hazard risks are identified in accordance to each step done. The last step is the determination and record of the recommended procedures for performing each step. This will reduce the hazard risk. Managing the safety function entails planning, organizing, controlling, directing, and staffing. In regard to planning, the departmental needs, resources and mission must be kept into consideration. The records of various departmental needs must be updated so as to know the exact required needs. Planning aspect comprises of time, money, materials, and personnel needs. Planning is an essential aspect of management. The second management function is organizing. This means that the staff in the organization must be properly organized. The chain of command must be followed so as maintain the organization and efficient working conditions. The factor of the organization is present in successful companies; this keeps the motto of the organization intact.

Risk management (casa study of British American Topacco Pls(BAT)) Essay

Risk management (casa study of British American Topacco Pls(BAT)) - Essay Example In the year 2009, the subsidiaries of the company enabled global governments to earn over  £26 billion in a financial year from taxes together with excise duty on their product. The subsidiary companies of BAT operate in 41 countries producing through 50 cigarette factories around 724 billion amounts of cigarettes. The company employs around 60,000 people globally. The organisational decisions are made keeping in view certain policies, strategies, standards, and delegated authorities. The benefit of local stakeholders to a business is the pivotal point in any organisational decision. The management of BAT is also conscious about their operating responsibilities as they produce products which pose risk related to the health aspects. The company works coherently with thousands of global tobacco farmers. These attributes have made the company a leading global giant in the tobacco industry. In this report, the inherent risks associated with any organisation will be analysed. Stakeholde rs’ benefit is a significant part of any business. They are generally concerned about their losses and gains from any business before investing in it. Therefore, the manager of any business has to try and mitigate any risks related to any business for shareholders to keep faith in the organisational business policies and initiatives and thus enabling them to consider making further investments into the business. The corporate governance process also is an integral part of any business organisation, as they have to carry out their financial activities as well as their organisational activities keeping in view the regulations of corporate governance (British American Tobacco, n.d.). Risk is an integral part of any business venture. Therefore, there is a need to properly manage risk in order to maximise the benefits from a business and reduce the damage which may be caused due to the risk associated with it. Risk management is a very

Unemployment in the United States Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Unemployment in the United States - Essay Example Since then, the American has tried all means to revive the economy and decrease the unemployment rates in the country. Consequently, there has been an impressive progress in the rates of unemployment marked by a trend of decline. Currently, the rate of unemployment is at 5.5%, a figure similar to the rate reported in February. Despite this lowest rate in over 7 years, unemployment is still a massive issue that affects a significant number of Americans. A number of factors contribute to this unending state of employment in America, namely, global factors, economic conditions, minimum wage, part-time jobs, and the dynamics of the oil industry. As the world opens up to trade and business opportunities, a number of issues arise the affect countries either negatively or positively. For instance, offshoring is one of the issues that have arisen due to globalization. Multinational companies among other businesses prefer to outsource services in low-cost labor nations in order to cut on costs. Companies are engaging in offshoring practices both for service jobs and for manufacturing jobs. The driving force behind this conduct is to operate in countries where they can save on labor costs, avoid regulatory laws, and productivity. Thus, offshoring has greatly affected job creation and availability of jobs in the United States leading to unemployment. According to a report by Forrester Research released in 2004, by 2015, 3.4 million service jobs will be moved abroad during 1.2 million jobs were expected to be offshored between 2003 and 2008 (Levine, 2011). Additionally, according to Bureau of Labor of Statistics estimates one-fifth of workers in the United States were working in industries subject to offshoring. An example of multinational company that has actively engaged in offshoring practice is Apple. As of 2012, Apple had 20,000 workers based in other countries and 43,000 workers in America. Additionally, the 700,000 engineer who develop Apple’s products by

Analysis and Application Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis and Application - Essay Example In addition, violent gangs take part in theft and robbery of properties of their neighbors (Klein, 2005). Primary questions to the research were inquiring whether youth gang violence is as a result of illegal drugs and small arms, the contribution of the media in the problem, political and social problems to the problem, and the possible measures taken to alleviate the problem. Violent youth gangs have been blamed by the media for the increasing incidences of violence and crime in Central America cities. They have been blamed for all sorts of crime tat take place in the society. In addition, both the media and the government officials have linked the violent groups to terrorist groups such as al Qaeda (Pope, Lovell and Bradl, 2001). Some of the concepts discussed include the definition of â€Å"youth gang† youth gang is defined according to the composition of the gang, members, leaders and the structure of the gang. All these factors must be outlined I order to look at the problem effectively. This research is valid because it discusses the political and social contexts in which these violent youth gangs emerged. Some of the measures proposed in dealing with the issue include arresting the violent youths, removing them out of the streets as well as reducing their number in the overcrowded Central American prisons. Prison overcrowding by the violent youth gangs can lead to challenging situations such as prison riots and a number of deaths (Dvorak, 1995). The voices fro the field’s study also understands the situation of young people. It is discussed that politicization of the gang matter has exaggerated a clear understanding of the crisis as well as the attempts in coming up with suitable solutions. The study recommends that so as to successfully tackle the issue of youth gangs, proper therapy programs must be put in place. There has to be sufficient investments in the avoidance and remedy

Shange Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Shange - Essay Example This is why Shan’ge was originally associated with agricultural work. The folk songs were always sung when people were working in the fields. This gave them morale to work harder (Titon 372). More importantly, the older societies like the jiu shehui sung the folk songs all through multifamily labor exchanges. This was principally during, hoeing, as well as, weeding corn, and a time they were sung while transplanting the rice shoots. The songs provided comfort for the workers. Additionally, the songs provided rhythm for the work, since some of the songs had counting off aspects which enable the farmers to have a certain rhythm while working. In history, the folksongs have also served a great deal in politics. This is especially in the 1910s and 1920s since they instilled solidarity and also helped in disseminating messages. This is because, by using familiar tunes, they were able to convey new words to the local people. Today, Shan’ge provides a window on historical experience and interaction of the people with the outside world. Despite the fact they are not as common as they were in ancient China, they play a huge role in enhancing heritage. Film music has impacted Chinese popular music in many ways. It is evident that the Chinese music provides the audience with utmost precedence to its melody (Titon 408). China is a country with a strong respect towards its forebears and ancestry and the film industry has enabled the people to uphold these aspects. It is therefore probable to find the film music of this kind of time still popular and known. For instance, the dragon dance and music is extremely familiar in the movie industry until today. There is an eminent root of film music in China. This is different from all other countries where the film music has no existing motifs or excerpts in the traditional aspects. This was not the case with China because the original music compositions emerging in films are growing till today. Popular music has grown intensively in china. Popular music started in the shidaiqu field and it was founded by Li Jinhui in China mainland. This popular music was highly influenced by Western jazz m usicians such as Buck Clayton. This was immediately after the implementation of the Communist Party. The popular music flourished greatly in Baak Doi, China where a record company was established. Cantopop was also influenced and this was in Hong Kong. Pop music in mainland China had been banned because it promoted unethical values which were against the communism values. However, the genre was revived in mainland China immediately after Deng Xiao Ping’s marketing reform. This is has influenced China's music diversity pop music combined with classical music. This is just like majority modern nations in the present day. Consequently China has grown to be one of the biggest producers of diverse music types while maintaining their traditional values (Titon 407-409). This is a traditional Chinese type of music and it utilizes the following instruments: daluo, bangu, tonngu, dabo and suona among others. Additionally, it is characterized by the following qualities. The music is sun g without reference to the notation by the musicians transferring it to the ensemble’s double-reed instrument. The melody is converted to vocal melody using grace notes. The music also has syllables that are compressed to feature into the percussion patterns (Titon 592). Beiguan musicians strive to consider each other as well as being inclusive in their performance activities. This is because of the fact that they usually see themselves as members of the same community association. The male members call each other

Advanced Management Accounting - Total Quality Management (TQM) Assignment

Advanced Management Accounting - Total Quality Management (TQM) - Assignment Example tion dynamics, provide an insight into the advantages that can be enacted through its integration, the possible drawbacks of T.Q.M and the considerations that need to be taken into account in case of its implementation, and finally, providing recommendations about its application with context to Spearhead Ltd. Reduced profits and shrinking in the network has brought about realization towards implementing quality system. T.Q.M being the front runner amongst quality systems has been suggested for implementation. T.Q.M is acronym for Total Quality management. As the name would imply, it pertains to quality management. Further dissection of the meaning would provide an insight into the nature and domain of operational capacity it entails. It refers to integrating quality mechanism in the every discipline and every domain of the organizational structure (MUKHERJEE, 2006, p. 393). Since Spearhead Ltd is faced with financial sink age, the addressing of different areas is required. T.Q.M would enable this. The low productivity in the financial sector impacts the clients’ satisfaction as well as the overall mood of the organization. Citing this, T.Q.M will enable undertaking a strategy that would enable overcoming the financial constraints. The domains of T.Q.M are not just limited to particular processes; rather it takes into account the working methods of the employees. The behaviour of the employees towards goals accomplishment along with the aptitude towards accomplishment of the goals and targets set forth. The focus of attention is the activities and the items used within as well. The use of the right of tools and techniques towards the accomplishment of tasks also entails the domain and consideration within a T.Q.M integrated system. Spearhead Ltd must look into the areas where wastes are high in percentage .The wastes are defined as those items, products and activities that do not add any value to the organizational activity or overall output. They in turn

Analysis and Application Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analysis and Application - Essay Example In addition, violent gangs take part in theft and robbery of properties of their neighbors (Klein, 2005). Primary questions to the research were inquiring whether youth gang violence is as a result of illegal drugs and small arms, the contribution of the media in the problem, political and social problems to the problem, and the possible measures taken to alleviate the problem. Violent youth gangs have been blamed by the media for the increasing incidences of violence and crime in Central America cities. They have been blamed for all sorts of crime tat take place in the society. In addition, both the media and the government officials have linked the violent groups to terrorist groups such as al Qaeda (Pope, Lovell and Bradl, 2001). Some of the concepts discussed include the definition of â€Å"youth gang† youth gang is defined according to the composition of the gang, members, leaders and the structure of the gang. All these factors must be outlined I order to look at the problem effectively. This research is valid because it discusses the political and social contexts in which these violent youth gangs emerged. Some of the measures proposed in dealing with the issue include arresting the violent youths, removing them out of the streets as well as reducing their number in the overcrowded Central American prisons. Prison overcrowding by the violent youth gangs can lead to challenging situations such as prison riots and a number of deaths (Dvorak, 1995). The voices fro the field’s study also understands the situation of young people. It is discussed that politicization of the gang matter has exaggerated a clear understanding of the crisis as well as the attempts in coming up with suitable solutions. The study recommends that so as to successfully tackle the issue of youth gangs, proper therapy programs must be put in place. There has to be sufficient investments in the avoidance and remedy

Advanced Management Accounting - Total Quality Management (TQM) Assignment

Advanced Management Accounting - Total Quality Management (TQM) - Assignment Example tion dynamics, provide an insight into the advantages that can be enacted through its integration, the possible drawbacks of T.Q.M and the considerations that need to be taken into account in case of its implementation, and finally, providing recommendations about its application with context to Spearhead Ltd. Reduced profits and shrinking in the network has brought about realization towards implementing quality system. T.Q.M being the front runner amongst quality systems has been suggested for implementation. T.Q.M is acronym for Total Quality management. As the name would imply, it pertains to quality management. Further dissection of the meaning would provide an insight into the nature and domain of operational capacity it entails. It refers to integrating quality mechanism in the every discipline and every domain of the organizational structure (MUKHERJEE, 2006, p. 393). Since Spearhead Ltd is faced with financial sink age, the addressing of different areas is required. T.Q.M would enable this. The low productivity in the financial sector impacts the clients’ satisfaction as well as the overall mood of the organization. Citing this, T.Q.M will enable undertaking a strategy that would enable overcoming the financial constraints. The domains of T.Q.M are not just limited to particular processes; rather it takes into account the working methods of the employees. The behaviour of the employees towards goals accomplishment along with the aptitude towards accomplishment of the goals and targets set forth. The focus of attention is the activities and the items used within as well. The use of the right of tools and techniques towards the accomplishment of tasks also entails the domain and consideration within a T.Q.M integrated system. Spearhead Ltd must look into the areas where wastes are high in percentage .The wastes are defined as those items, products and activities that do not add any value to the organizational activity or overall output. They in turn

Raina Petkoff and her Cover-up Essay Example for Free

Raina Petkoff and her Cover-up Essay Bernard Shaws works make us doubt principles and ideals, which we accepted without a question. The economic status of the Petkoffs is one of wealth, and the fact that they are rich makes us think of a well-mannered and educated family, especially the young girl. The young girl should give us a sense of nobility and in fact she does in this story. The young girl in Arms and the Man gives us the impression that she is an ideal daughter, lover and citizen. But is she really? This girl tries to portray this stereotypical personality but proves not to be quite the noble girl she plays. At a certain point she sees herself in a very compromising position and is forced to change. As the play begins and we start getting to know this girl, Raina Petkoff we start noticing that she is a bit vain. The stage directions go as follows: On the balcony a young lady, intensely conscious of the romantic beauty of the night, and of the fact that her own youth and beauty are part of it (1561). This excerpt takes away some of the innocence she portrays in a subtle way. The next deception comes when the Swiss enters through the window; instead of screaming for help she decides to help him hide. She even lies to the Bulgarian officer who is looking for the Swiss, betraying her own country. Raina and the Swiss get to know each other a little, and with his experience he can see right through her. He instantly discovered the superficial coating over a very rough interior. The mother, Catherine, proves to be the same when she abandons her patriotism and loyalty and helps the Serb officer to hide and even escape the next morning. Like father, like son they say. But the biggest surprise comes when the Swiss or Serbian officer or Bluntschli blows Rainas cover. Raina is outraged or pretends to be when Bluntschli throws the truth at her face. He calls her a liar and insists on it. She gets furious at first, but gives in when she realizes shes got no way out. Her reaction is: I! I!!!How did you find me out? (1591). And here she confesses that the noble attitude and the thrilling voice is just a cover-up. This is Rainas turning point. We could say that at this point she went from being a girl to being a woman; at this point she matured. Another important fact to my case is the picture of herself she left in the jacket for Bluntschli to find, and the message it contained. My chocolate cream soldier (1603) is the name Raina gives Bluntschli in the dedication of the picture. This title given to Bluntschli suggests some type of affection that at this point is obvious but if the audience had learned of it as it happened chronologically it would be very shocking. After the turning point described above, Raina becomes a more outgoing and sincere person. She describes her own cover-up personality as a noble attitude and thrilling voice (1591) to Bluntschli. Raina also says Bluntschli is the first person that didnt take her fake personality seriously. She confesses to the point that she mocks the people who believe her noble self by saying: I did it when I was a child to my nurse. She believed in it. I do it before my parents. They believe in it. I do it before Sergius. He believes in it (1591). That incident of calling her a liar made Raina mature. It was a turning point in the life of this character and in the plot of Arms and the Man. Bernard Shaw uses his comedies to criticize many ideals by mocking them. In the case of Arms and the Man he takes the nobility of a wealthy, respected family and destroys it by mocking many of its aspects. In this essay I analyze how Shaw takes the view of innocence of a young, noble, rich girl and changes it to make it crude reality, he makes the Petkoffs look like common people with very little nobility. Works Cited Shaw, George Bernard. Arms and the Man. Literature: Reading Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and the Essay. Ed. Robert DiYanni. 5th Ed. New York: McGraw, 2002. 1561-1604.

Analyze The Mix And Activities Of Nestle Marketing Essay

Analyze The Mix And Activities Of Nestle Marketing Essay In this report we are trying to investigate and analyze the Marketing Mix Activities of NESTLE. Most of the marketing practitioners regard marketing mix as a tool for transaction marketing and the archetype for operational marketing planning. (Gronroos, 1994:347) 4ps.png Elements of Marketing Mix (Armstrong and Kotler, 2001). MANAGING THE MARKETING MIX Customer Wants Marketing Mix Variables Managing the Marketing Mix (Baker, 1999:302) The above figure describes how a company could by research and successful adaptation can understand and develop products to match the customers requirements. According to Baker (1999: 303), by understanding and matching the needs of the customers efficient management of marketing mix is possible. COMPONENTS OF MARKETING MIX Impact Positive and Negative PRODUCT Kotler and Armstrong (2001) define a product as any entity that can be offered to a market by a company for attention, acquisition, consumption or use that might satisfy the needs of their customers. Product Mix Product mix is the total range of products that are manufactured by a company. The major aspects to be considered in product mix are explained below. http://genevalunch.com/files/2010/01/Nestl%C3%A9_products_1001192.jpg Variety: Nestle offers a wide product mix that comprises of food, health and nutrition products to meet the customer needs. Nestle offers its products in the following categories: Bottled water, Baby foods, Breakfast cereals, Chocolate and confectionery, Coffee, Dairy products, Drinks, Ice cream, In the Kitchen, Nestle Professional, Nutrition and Health, Pet care. Quality: Nestle is well known for the quality and taste of its products. Nestle Believes that Success is built on Quality. Design: As its variety range, Nestle also has a greater range of design. Nestle make sure all their new products look different and attractive. Nestle creates more jobs in Yorksmarties-jh4_gem.jpg smarties image by libsta_girl Features: Nestle have made sure that all their products have special features to make it more attractive to the customers. For example: In case of their ice creams, they have tried to include the special feature that is the low fat and sugar content. http://squeezydeals.files.wordpress.com/2009/04/picture-11.png?w=273h=258 Brand name: A strong brand name is important for both the company and the consumers as it adds to the value of the company, differentiates the products from those of its competitors and affects the consumer discernment of the company (Jobber 2007:328). A strong brand name also acts as a source of quality certification and can influence consumer preferences of products. Nestle, through its strong brand name and market presence has captured the heart of the customers worldwide. In the present health- conscious society, Nestle has captivated a loyal customer base through its focus on nutrition and health requirements and consumer preferences at a competitive price and it has enhanced the reputation of the company. A Nestle brand name on a product is a promise to the customer that it is safe to consume, that it complies with all regulations and that it meets high standards of quality Packaging: Packaging involves designing and developing a cover for a product in order to make it attractive to the consumers. Packaging was just a means for protecting the product in the past, but today increase in competition has resulted in the need to differentiate the product from those of its competitors to attract the customers and to describe the features of the product in order to gain consumer recognition. Poor designs can be one of the reasons for reduction in sales of a product due to less customer satisfaction. Nestle uses very attractive packaging as one of their main marketing strategies. For its efforts, Nestle has won several accolades such as the Silver Star and Best in category as Best Packaging Innovation leading to a significant reduction in household waste by the British Institute of Packaging for the Dairy Box biodegradable tray which is manufactured by using renewable resources. http://www.sophiesflorist.co.uk/images/chocolates/dairy%20box.jpg ROMOTION Stanton and Futrell (1987:418), describe promotion as an important element of marketing mix which aims in informing and persuading the market about the products and services of the company. J:uad18.jpg J:nescafe.jpg According to Baker (1999, 310) the method of communicating the product offer which is made by a company to match the needs of the customers and to persuade them to try the product is Promotion. They feel that the significance of promotion increases when the distance between the producers and customers increase and as the number of customers increase. Promotion activity does not depend on the demand; even if the demand is high promotional activities should go on in order to keep the manufacturers name before the customers. Nestle uses promotion as one of the major source to reach their customers to make them aware of the value of different products introduced in the market. Nestle adopts a promotion mix with a perfect blend of several different promotion tools to promote the value of its product and make the customers aware of their products. Promotion Tools PERSONAL SELLING: According to Stanton and Futrell (1987: 418), personal selling is mainly used when the market is geographically concentrated (Few customers) and when the products are custom made. It is defined as a face to face communication with buyers in the aim of pursuing the customers to purchase by Simon(). Its a one to one marketing. Tele marketing, door drops inserts, Door to door selling are all techniques used in personal selling. J:7_essentialprotein_image.jpg J:6_essentialprotein_image.jpg Nestle uses personal selling for specialized and sophisticated products. ADVERTISING: Advertising according to Groucutt (2005:215) is to communicate to a specific audience to stimulate action and its success is in the way the right information reaches the right person at the right time. Majaro (1993) says that advertising is any paid form non-personal communication of products, services or ideas through a commercial media. (Stanton and Futrell, 1987) Promotion through advertising is mainly done when the market is geographically dispersed or when the product is standardized. Nestlà ©s advertisements are well known in the market and they have made sure that the advertisements are attractive through all the possible media. Nestle also uses internet to promote their products, where they have different websites hosted for different products. Different strategies for each product like online competitions and distributions. HOW ADVERTISING WORKS Tim Ambler and Demetrios Vakratsas have formulated a framework for studying how advertising works for a company. How Advertising Works (Ambler, Vakratsas 1999:26) They have considered the input to be advertising own and competitive brands. Scheduling the media and message contents are the motivation factors or triggers the consumers response. Cognition, the thinking dimension of a persons response, and affect, the feeling dimension, are portrayed as two major intermediate advertising effects (Ambler, Vakratsas, 1999:26) SALES PROMOTION: Sales promotion represents non- media campaigns such as sampling displays, shows, exhibitions and contests (Majaro, 1993:35). Stanton and Futrell (1987:418) believes that sales promotions one of the fastest growing promotional methods these days. Free samples, Money off coupons, extra value offers buy one get one free, bundling, privilege points are all different methods used in sales promotion. Nestle also uses sales promotion as one of their promotion tools by offering programmes like every day eating coupon codes and discounts and offers for online shopping on nestle products. PUBLICITY: Publicity is a promotional method where the organization is not paying for the communication about its products and is benefiting from it (Stanton and Futrell 1987:419). This occurs either through a non-personal news story appearing in a mass medium or is delivered by a person in an interview or a speech. Publicity is achieved mainly through public relations activities. According to Jobber (2007) sponsorship provides more opportunities for publicity in the media. Nestle is a well known brand in the market and its fame describes its publicity and the further publicity occurs during various interviews of officials of Nestle. Publicity for Nestle also occurs during the launch of every new product and when the annual sale reports are published. This publicity obtained by Nestle is not by paying any of the media. Nestle, public relation activities is evident from how they try to communicate with government organizations as well as the customers about the different issues that they face. Through public relations Nestle try to bring to the attention of all the customers and organizations concerned about various issues and the current approach they are taking towards these issues. PRICE Price is defined as the value of a product that we get in return for all the effort that was taken for its production and also for marketing of the same product. Price is the revenue earner so it is considered as the odd one in the marketing mix. It is also considered as an important market tool which is visible to both customers and competitors (Baker 1985). The price of a product depends on a number of factors like, changes in technology, effect of suppliers, competitive pressure and the increasing price sensitivity of the customers. Price is also directly dependent on the demand of the product. If the demands increase the price will also increase and vice versa. Consumers generally show a keen interest in tracking the prices of the products which they usually purchase. This enables them to analyze the attractiveness of the product and be vigilant about the changes in price of the product, thus enabling them to compare the prices of the product in various stores (Vanhuele and Dreze 2002:72). Pricing of the Product Companies usually do not set a single price, but rather develop a pricing structure that reflects variations in geographical demand and costs, market-segment requirements, purchasing timing, order levels, delivery frequency, guarantees, service contract, and other factors (Kotler, Keller, Brady, Goodman and Hansen: 2009). According to David Jobber, pricing of a product mainly depends on 3 factors: cost, competitor and the market. COST ORIENTED PRICING The most common method of pricing of a product is cost oriented pricing, in which it is divided into full cost pricing which involves the calculating of cost of all labour and materials and direct cost pricing which involves the calculation of only those costs that are likely to rise as output increases. COMPETITOR ORIENTED PRICING The approach to pricing which only depends on the competitor rather than costs when framing a business is called competitor oriented pricing. Every consumer will judge the price of a product by comparing it with a similar product in the same range which is produced by their competitor (Kotler, Armstrong, Saunders and Wong 2001). MARKET ORIENTED PRICING Market oriented pricing is one of the important area which depends on competiveness of a product in the market. For a new product the positioning strategy controls the pricing and for an existing product price will depend on the strategic objectives. Price-Quality Relationships Price is directly dependent on the quality of the product. As the quality of a product increases the price also goes up. Nestle is a quality focused company and hence to compete with current market it need to carry out the pricing process of the product very carefully. Nestle is a very successful company and all its products are at affordable prices. PRODUCT LINE PRICING Most of the companies usually develop product lines rather than single products. In product line pricing the management must decide on the pricing steps to set between various products in a line (Kotler, Armstrong, Saunders and Wong 2001). In product line pricing, cost difference between the product in the line, evaluation of customers and also the competitors products with small price difference is also taken into account. EXPLICABILITY Explicability is defined as the capability of sales people to explain a high price to customer. In market customer demands the economic justification of product prices. If the sales people fail to give a clear idea of the product development stages, it will reduce the value of product. As Nestle is very innovative it needs a high financial support for its RD and it is not easy to give idea about the product development costs to an ordinary customer. COMPETITION Competition plays an important role in the cost consideration of a product in a business. The main competitors of Nestle are Heinz, Kraft, ConAgra, Mars Incorporated, Hershey, Cadbury, General mills etc. Since all their main competitors are also well branded, they cannot price a product without analyzing the competitors pricing. But the main advantages behind their successful pricing are that they are very superior in its market position. NEGOTIATING MARGINS In certain market customer expects a price reduction in some products. Competitive discounts, fast payment discounts an annual volume bonus and other promotional allowances come under this category. Nestle and its negotiations with its suppliers made them to gain a good reasonable margin in all its goods. EFFECT OF DISTRIBUTORS/RETAILERS Well qualified suppliers and efficient retailers is also a factor which affects the price of a product. If a distributor supplies a product with high price or a retailer sells a product in high margin it will cause the variations in price of the products. Nestle itself agreed that their distributors are well developed and hence the company can control the price of its products. POLITICAL FACTORS Nestle sometimes blames the policies of governments for its poor reflection on the exports. Some of the government policies which results in increase in packaging cost makes the product less competitive in the global exporting market. PLACE Armstrong and Kotler (2001) describes place as the activity of a company to make the products available to the customers. Place Strategies The major factors to be considered while formulating a place strategy are Channels, Coverage, Assortments, Locations, Inventory, Transportation, and Logistics. Channel distribution strategies deal with the decisions on making the products available to the target customers in usable condition. A channel of distribution is the combination of institutions through which a seller markets the products to the user or ultimate consumer (Peter, Donnelly 2004:145). As the time and finances required for setting up a channel of distribution are comparatively high, the place strategies are often critical for the success of a firm. The channels of distribution can be of two different types on the basis of the targeted consumer. It may differ when the end user of the product is a consumer or an organization, the Consumer Marketing Channel and the Business Marketing Channel. Consumer Marketing Channel: Armstrong and Kotler (2001) Nestle adopts the consumer marketing channel where the products from the producer reaches the consumer through the wholesalers or retailers. Nestle has e-marketing for some of its products where the products reach the consumers directly from the producer. Business Marketing Channel (Armstrong and Kotler, 2001) According to Donnelly (2004:150),the channel of distribution strategic decisions are determined on the basis of the following factors: Distribution coverage required Degree of control desired Total distribution cost Channel flexibility Distribution coverage may vary based on the features of the product, the market and the target customers. The company may opt for intensive distribution, selective distribution or exclusive distribution. In the case of intensive distribution, the company tries to sell the product through the maximum number of retailers and wholesalers. In selective distribution, the company may limit the number of wholesalers and retailers which are the best in that market while in the case of exclusive distribution; the manufacturing company may provide exclusive rights for distributing the product to only one or a few distributors. Nestle has adopted intensive distribution strategy in order to make its products available to a large customer base. Nestle products are available through a large number of retail outlets. Besides this, Nestle has also launched an e-shop for promoting its confectionary in Japan which allows the consumers to buy Kit Kat chocolates online. The coverage of Nestle is world-wide as it has a wide distribution channel and several manufacturing units at different places around the world. Marketing logistics involves the planning, implementing and controlling of physical flow of goods, services and related information from points of origin to points of consumption to meet customer requirements at a profit (Armstrong and Kotler 2001:342). Nestle underwent a complete re-engineering of its supply chain which was aided by Total Logistics which has benefitted both Nestle and its consumers. Nestle has been able to operate composite pallet loads for entire UK, combining beverages and confectionery through two vehicle fleets and two distribution hubs (http://www.total-logistics.eu.com/logistics-clients/logistics-consultants-case-studies/nestle.html). Through this, Nestle has been able to decrease its fleet size and satisfy smaller delivery volumes without any increase in the costs.

Minority Representation :: essays papers

Minority Representation The issue of minority representation in special education came into the forefront for educators, parents and politicians during the mid 1990’s. In 1992, Black students accounted for 16 percent of the total U.S. student population, but represented 32 percent of students in programs for mild mental retardation, 29 percent in programs for moderate mental retardation, and 24 percent in programs for serious emotional disturbance (Robertson, Kushner, Starks, & Dreschler, 1994). This overrepresentation of Black and other minority students in special education is an ongoing national problem. This problem will be addressed according to the following criteria regarding minority representation in special education. The first issue where minority students in special education are concerned is that minority students may be unserved or receive services that do not meet their needs. Another issue that will be discussed is that some minority students may be misclassified or inappropriately labeled especially in the area of mental retardation and serious emotional disturbance. The final issue that will be discussed is the actual placement of minority students in special education programs may be a form of discrimination. The purpose of this paper is to inform and expand upon minority overrepresentation and the needs of minority students. Minority students may be unserved or receive services that do not meet their needs. Testing constraints such as high incidence of ethnic or linguistic minorities and low socio-economic status can lead to minority students not receiving services that meet their needs. Research shows that socio-political factors such as social deviance variables (eg. school suspension and corporal punishment) and school violence also lead to minority students being unserved in special education. Identification and placement practices have caused problems with identification because of the vagueness of the criteria for elegibility (Artiles, Aguirre-Munoz, Abedi, 1998). Congress has found that although minority students are increasing in number in schools, many minority students are not receiving a free, appropriate public education. Students who are at a high risk of failure are those who live in urban and high poverty environments because they have been in appropriately identified and placed or not placed at all in special education.

Mary Magdalen of Dostoevskys Notes from Underground Essay -- Notes Fr

Not for this I was born and then raised up. Unacquainted was I with such need. I once prayed to God, I was faithful. I once had a soul that knew peace. -from "Fallen," a Russian brothel song (Bernstein, 169) Prostitutes, women who sell their bodies for money, have been frowned upon since antiquity by most members of society. However, from as early as Rahab, the Whore of Jericho in the Old Testament who helped Joshua and his men regain the Promised Land, prostitutes have been portrayed as not only as sinners with the possibility of redemption, but women who lead men to salvation as well. This trend was particularly taken up in nineteenth-century Russian literature: "Elevated into powerful literary symbols by authors like Dostoevsky, Tolstoy..., prostitutes became female archetypes who either disillusioned the men with whom they associated or raised them to a higher plane of being" (11). Dostoevsky uses this idea of a "saintly prostitute" repeatedly in his works. The archetype that Bernstein claims he creates in based on the image of Mary Magdalen from the New Testament, the celebrated reformed prostitute who devotes her life to Christ. Crime and Punishment's Sonya Marmeladova, of whom "No tes from Underground's Liza is a prototype, performs the role of the penitent sinner who leads the way to salvation: the saintly prostitute Mary Magdalen. Despite common belief, Mary Magdalen is never referred to as a reformed prostitute in the four Gospels of the New Testament, though her actual role is just as pertinent to Dostoevsky's writing. In spite of the Gospels' tendencies to conflict with each other, they agree on four aspects of the Magdalen's life. First of all, she is one of Jesus Christ's female followers who is present at ... ...r one's sins and the perpetual chance of salvation. Works Cited Bernstein, Laurie. Sonia's Daughter's: Prostitutes and Their Regulation in Imperial Russia. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995. Conradi, Peter. Modern Novelists: Fyodor Dostoevsky. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1988. Dostoevsky, Fyodor M. Crime and Punishment. Trans. Jessie Coulson. Ed. George Gibian. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1989. Dostoevsky, Fyodor M. "Notes from Underground." Trans. Andrew R. MacAndrew. New York: Penguin Books, 1961. Haskins, Susan. Mary Magdalen: Myth and Metaphor. London: Harcourt Brace & Company, 1993. Malvern, Marjorie M. Venus in Sackcloth: The Magdalen's Origins and Metamorphoses. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1975. Wasiolek, Edward. Dostoevsky: The Major Fiction. Cambridge, MA: The M.I.T. Press, 1964.

Compare and Contrast Paper: Abraham Maslow and B.F. Skinner

According to Maslow, all of us are motivated by our needs. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs states that we ought to satisfy each need in turn, starting with the first, which deals with the most obvious needs for survival itself. According to Skinner, people are motivated through the way that they are rewarded. Reinforcement is the key element in Skinner's model. In order for individuals to do well, they have to have positive reinforcement. In addition, negative behaviors should be reprimanded.How motivation changes for elementary versus secondary student Maslow states that motivation changes for elementary and secondary students in that younger children needs basic needs met first (basic needs) and once those needs are met; the students can development towards advanced needs such as intellectual needs. Work from easy to complex steps; performance/feedback motivation and actualization changes; amount of reward changes; kind and quality of reward changes.Similarities/Differences Both Maslow and Skinner's theory sustain the notion that individuals must development through stages. The two theories are unlike in that they differ in the method in which the people meet their needs. Maslow suggests that people should be rewarded in order to progress to the next level wile Skinner emphasizes reward and punishment.Both Maslow and Skinner's theory sustain the notion that individuals must development through stages. The two theories are different in that they differ in the method in which the people meet their needs. Skinner suggests that positive and negative reinforcement can shape the behavior, unpleasant experience (such as punishment) are negative reinforce it causes learners to avoid desirable response to stimuli Applied in classroomEducators ought to utilize self actualization to assist students reach his/her full potential, positive reinforcement ought to be used to remain students motivated, and continuing to research in order to help students reach their full potentia l. Educators ought to use motivation in the form of rewards, develop the Operant Conditioning model in order to educate/ reinforce lessons, and continuing to research in order to help students reach their full potential.In conclusion although Maslow and Skinner both has influences positive impact in the classroom and positive outcome on student’s progress, but we as educators must continue to research ways and use different instructions to reach the needs of our students. Computers and other technology within the today’s classroom have become student’s rewards. This week lesson have shown me that Maslow needs is best describe in the way we as people live and to be happy; were as Skinner behaviorist theory is want need to be used in order to teacher and conduct in a classroom.

How Psychological Theories Have Been Used in Beer

When they see a person carrying a bottle of beer and the soft toy, they will Immediately apprehend IM without any questions asked. Back In the police station, the policemen would be enjoying the beer, which they had confiscated, while the Innocent customers would be miserably locked up In the cell. Similarly, this commercial Is supposedly targeted at adults, those who are above 8 years of age, since they are allowed to drink. However, everyone is again allowed to view the commercial for humor purposes.Our group will also be doing comparisons of the two beer commercials in terms of the psychological theories used and other dissimilarities worth mentioning. 2) Theory Reviews 2. ) Learning Theory There are basically three theories to learning, I) Classical conditioning II) Operant conditioning Ill) Observational learning Classical controlling Is the type of controlling that makes use of a stimulus that, before controlling, does not naturally bring about the response of Interest and a st imulus that brings about interest without having being learned.A good example loving it† makes it a top choice fast-food outlet that most people will patronize. The slogan in this case plays the role of a natural stimulus whereas Macdonald fast-food outlet is the unconditioned stimulus. Upon hearing the â€Å"I'm loving it† slogan, the sign of Macdonald fast-food outlet will appear unknowingly to our mind. Operant conditioning is a type of conditioning, which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened, depending on its favorable or unfavorable consequences. An example will be that of a Wall's ice-cream advertisement.With attractive offers like, buy 3 for the price of 2 or even free gifts being given away for each tub of ice- cream brought. Observational learning is learning through observing the behavior of another person called a model. A good example will be that of a coca cola drink advertisement. In most of the coca cola drink advertisement, there will be peop le drinking the coca cola drink itself and they will reveal a very refreshing and cooling expression when they finish drinking a drink and by seeing that after drinking that can of coca cola drink, it will bring about a refreshing and cooling sensation to a person.Out of these three learning theories, only the classical conditioning and the observational learning are being applied to the beer commercials. This commercial uses the Classical Conditioning theory. Most people would not normally associate beer with singing. But after being exposed to the commercial for mom time, a person would actually remembers the Heinlein beer commercial, and hopefully proceed to buy the beer. When a person watches the commercial for the first time, he/she will acquire the impression that the singing has nothing to do with the beer.However, the tastiness, â€Å"It seems some people didn't take the last Heinlein commercial seriously. † And â€Å"Remember, buy Heinlein or we'll keep running thes e commercials,† actually reveals the whole intention of the commercial. So eventually, they will associate the beer with the horrible singing. Scrabbles This commercial uses the Observational Learning. Firstly, when the customer buy the beer and gets a free toy, a person may also follow suit. The idea of an incentive or free-gift' appeals very much to us Singapore who are very ‘kiss' or have the â€Å"don't want to lose out â€Å"attitude.So, when the customer is being apprehended by the police, gets locked up in a cell, and even having his beer confiscated, the observational learning still comes into play. This occurs when the policemen themselves drink the confiscated beer, giving them the impression that beers are better than diamonds. Therefore, giving viewers the notion that they should also buy Comparison The use of observational learning is more effective compared to classical conditioning. This is because the influences of an authoritative figure I. E. The poli cemen are brought into the picture. Therefore, it reinforces the observational learning.Like mentioned earlier, policemen are people of authority, therefore, if they were to do something that is generally not proper, which is in this case, drinking the confiscated beer, their actions would actually be socially accepted since they are people who are of higher authority than a normal civilian would be. The use of classical conditioning as a comparatively weaker impact to the audience in contrast to the use of observational learning. Since the stimulus of classical conditioning does not naturally bring about the response or interest to the beer, it can easily be forgotten if it is not reinforced.One-way for Heinlein to resolve this problem is to keep on playing the commercial. However, they would have to bear the costs incurred, and not forgetting, the contempt from irritated viewers who are forced to view the annoying commercial over and over again. 3. 2 Memory theory For this commerc ial, under the psychological theory of Memory, it â€Å"attacks† the ewer's sensory memory, specifically the Echoic Memory. Thus, it makes the viewer able to react to the annoying singing by remembering the commercial better since it is using the audio element to etch the product into the viewer's minds.The audio element is supposedly the most prominent sensory element of the commercial. Hence, the commercial will be played over and over again in the viewers' mind. The point is, the viewer does not even have to view the commercial visually to have the desired impact of the commercial on the viewer. As mentioned before, the audio element is the strongest agenda of the whole commercial. For this commercial, using the same psychological theory of Memory, the commercial is appealing to the viewer's sensory memory, especially the Iconic Memory to remember the product.As can be seen, we can work out with an example from the commercial that, the when the man buys the bottle of Scrab bles beer, and the cashier hands the buyer a soft toy, saying that it is a gift from buying the beer. â€Å"diamonds†, and the beer was confiscated along with him. Also, the makers of the commercial â€Å"attacks† the viewer's minds in which that they ill remember that the buying the Scrabbles beer is so good that, the police officers are enjoying themselves so much.Since the policemen, as mentioned, are people with authority, drinking the Scrabbles beers that they confiscated are seemingly more significant. This also portrays a powerful signal that the beer can even tempt the authorities under work obligations. Hence, such actions are being socially accepted, therefore, the viewer's implicit memory would subconsciously steer the viewer to buy Scrabbles beer. Both uses the same sensory theory and the only different is one, echoic and another, conic.Most commercial uses the echoic memory to remember, which in the Heinlein commercial you do not even need to use your eyes to watch and Just hear the songs they are singing is enough to serve the purpose. 3. 3) Motivation Theory Motivation is the factor that directs and invigorates the behavior of humans. Often, human motivation is driven by the intention, or arousal of achieving a goal. Primary drive are related to the biological needs that often helps to fulfill our basic needs, whereas secondary drive are prior to experience and learning that has no direct impact on our biological needs.In the two commercial that we have chosen, we can say that both commercials applies the secondary drive as both brings out the needs of a person to drink beer brought about by previous experience or learning. The main aim of the commercials that we have chosen was to motivate and attract the viewers to drink the respective brand of beer. Suggests that motivation stems from the desire to obtain valued external goals. The commercial started off with a seemly strange tagging – at least it is not common in most co mmercials that we see nowadays. It says, â€Å"It seems some people didn't take the last Heinlein commercial seriously.Although viewers might first think the commercial is trying to reprimand them, but it is actually indirectly motivating viewers to direct their attention on the commercial, simply because they do not want to be wrongly accused of â€Å"not taking commercial or anything seriously' and end off with a message when they got the attention by saying, â€Å"Remember, buy Heinlein, or we'll keep on running these commercials. † This suggests the determination shown by the commercial in motivating viewers to at least try the product, and that reignites the desire of consumers to obtain the beer – external goals.Furthermore, it also intends to serve as a constant reminder to consumers to realize their highest potential through drinking Heinlein instead of other brand of beer. Scrabbles In the second commercial, more than one approach can be applied to the adver tisement. Arousal Approach explains the increase of the stimulation and activity where people are willing to take the risk of getting caught by the police when purchasing the Scrabbles beer. Incentive Approach motivates people to buy Scrabbles beer, even the police whom are seen as protectors of the local people themselves are drinking Scrabbles.Hence, the impact and motivation, the local people receive when they revere to the police gives them the desire to obtain the same beer as their ‘protectors'. For Cognitive Approaches, the intrinsic motivation shows that the people are willing to buy the Scrabbles beer as it stimulates excitement for their own enjoyment whereas the extrinsic motivation, recognize the effort and give the soft toy as a reward. The need for affiliation was also applied on this commercial, the people who have seen the commercial will tend to follow what the police officers do because as the law enforcer, they themselves are drinking the confiscated Scrabbl es.Therefore, drinking Scrabbles would be seen as a gateway in establishing bilateral ties and maintaining relationship with the police. This commercial also motivates the viewers to realize their sense of self-actualization, the state of self-fulfillment, which is the highest level of Mascots Hierarchy, in which people realize their highest potentials, as the Scrabbles beer is now within their reach. Both commercials in this case use different styles and strategies in motivating consumers to purchase their products.In the Heinlein commercial, it uses the reverse psychological principles whereby it is indirectly motivating consumers to buy the Heinlein beer and it consists of symbol captions, which enable the viewers to establish inner thoughts to achieve constant memory of the product as well as incur the desire to try or even have the product. As for the Scrabbles commercial, it uses a more direct style and hence is clearer to understand. It motivates consumers as it consists of v arious theories of motivation, which gives several different perspectives on motivation.Furthermore, it adds a lot of humbly into the commercial that requires consumers to reflect on the purpose of the commercial and what it signifies. For example, firstly the diamonds are hidden in the soft toy, and the police confiscate the toy containing the ‘stolen diamonds' together with the Scrabbles beer. One scene where the innocent customers are trapped within a cell gives the impression of being ‘locked'. However, at the same time, the policemen are having a great time enjoying the confiscated beer.Hence, the Juxtaposition of the two agendas is basically trying to reinforce the point hat, without the beer, you would be miserable as signified by the customers being locked up and feeling miserable, yet at the same time, when you have the beer, you would be at the top of the mountain as portrayed by the policemen merrily drinking away. These metaphors and symbols are worth looking into as they indirectly motivate viewers to buy the beer and act as an unconscious motivation tool. 3. 4) Social Psychology Theory This commercial uses the Persuasion Theory. It is a process of changing attitude.

Blog Spot Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Blog Spot - Essay Example Iraq was then supposedly occupied by the Americans with the initial purpose of ensuring peace, progress, and modernity there and rescuing the public of Iraq from heavy influence exercised by the rigid and exacting government. It is my argument that though America presented many justifiable reasons for invading Iraq, the deteriorating condition of Iraq and the helpless condition of the American troops patrolling there have collectively imposed such a heavy burden on the economy of America that millions of families are getting badly affected owing to this purposeless war while not meeting the criteria given by the hawks. Proponents of the invasion of Iraq had a few primary justifications. There were fears that Saddam Hussein was developing WMDs. There was concern that he had been connected to al Qaeda cells (Rumsfeld, 2009). And, of course, he was a brutal dictator. One problem was that they kept offering different justifications, saying that one was central one day and the other the next, but the case did look compelling initially. They also claimed UN Security Council support. Some had messianic justifications: Falwell also argues that the Iraq war is justifiable and was indeed initiated by God’s will and authority (2004). Meanwhile, opponents said that the war was illegal. The UN Charter makes it illegal for countries to unilaterally invade other countries, no matter what other Resolutions are on the table. The Security Council had not acted, so it was illegal. They argued that the war would lead to more terrorism, a claim that seemed to become compelling in the aftermath of the invasion as suicide bombings began in a country that did not have them prior. They also argued that Saddam Hussein had no WMDs, which was hard to tell at the time but became prescient when it was discovered that he didnt. They argued that the invasion could lead to looting of WMDs, and that the invasion was mostly about securing oil and resources for

The shear box test on soil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The shear box test on soil - Essay Example The shear box test has an advantage over test because of the simplicity of equipment used and the ease in setting it up. The Shear test box also tests soil samples under different conditions such as consolidation, drainage, and saturation conditions. Another advantage of the shear box test is that it is easy to visualize what is happening to the soil as the test is being carried out. Various processes using the shear box test determine these properties. In determining the soil, these properties the results of the test are tabulated and graphs are drawn. Interpretation of the graphs is what gives significant meaning to some of the soil properties being studied. Purpose of the test A shear box test is used in geotechnical engineering to test various properties of soil. These soil properties include; friction angle, peak shear strength, soil cohesion, and the residual shear strength of the soil being studied. The key purpose for carrying out the test is to enable geotechnical engineers decide on the consolidated-drained shear strength of a silt to sandy soil. Shear strength is a very important aspect in engineering when determining soil properties. This is because most structures are based on soil’s shearing strength or resistance. Therefore, any time a structure is to be constructed it is important that the soil’s shear resistance be analyzed as the first step to decide on the whether it will be possible to construct. The shear strength of a discontinuity is considered to be of lower strength when compared to blocks with intact material between the discontinuities. These important facts and the results of shear tests enable the engineers to determine important aspects of engineering. These include determining the bearing dimensions for foundations, computing the stability of cuts and slopes, and in finding the amount of pressure that an area of soil exerts on the wall it retains (Price & De Freitas, 2009, p. 361). Brief description of the test set u p The Apparatus â€Å"A definitive test apparatus mainly consists of the following apparatus. Rigid split box that has a top and a bottom these are place inside a shear box carriage, which is box, shaped. The carriage rests on a pair of rollers that are aligned to move along two grooved tracks. The shear apparatus is controlled by a motor, which is also connected in the apparatus† (Huat, et al., 2005, p. 1284). The set up The test is carried out on three or four specimen taken from a comparatively undisturbed soil samples. The set-up of the test experiment follows the following procedures: 1. The first step is to weigh the initial mass of the soil sample 1. Next is to take the shear box’s measurements that are the diameter and height 2. From the measurements calculate what 15 percent of the diameter will be in millimeters 3. Next step involves assembling the shear box and placing it into the shear device. 4. Place a porous stone and a filter paper into the shear box 5. Pour the soil sample, for example sand, inside the shear box and remove the top layer to ensure it is level 6. Put a porous stone on top of the sand then cover it with a filter paper and then place the top plate which usually has a ball 7. After that take away the alignment screws that are in the shear box and using these screws open the gap that is between the two shear box halves to 0.025 inches. After that remove the screws from the gaps 8. Take the weight of the soil again and calculate the total mass of soil used 9. Finish assembling the device and set the three

Hull City Marketing Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Hull City Marketing Strategy - Essay Example Chocolates are commonly used in Christmas time, which presents a good opportunity for Thornton to promote their products. The company continues to adapt new strategies to meet consumer’s needs and be competitive during Christmas time in Hull. It has established various strategic plans for the business to create a competent organizational process, increase its sales and margins, incentives and measurability. Different media channels will be used to promote the campaign slogan â€Å"Christmas time-chocolate heaven†. The slogan will strengthen the image of Christmas time as a great time to celebrate and have a relaxing moment using Thornton’s range of products such as variety of chocolates wedding favors, corporate gifts, and hampers boxes. The case study of the Company will provide an opportunity to evaluate the whole aspect of planning for considerable growth during Christmas time. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Table of Contents 2 Introduction 4 SWOT MATRI X 5 11 Marketing Objectives 6 111. Target Markets 7 IV Product Offering 8 V. Brand/Product Positioning 8 VI Marketing Strategies 9 Consumer Behavior 9 Marketing Mix For The Marketing Strategy 10 Product 10 Place 11 Price 11 Promotion 12 Vii Implementation and Control 14 Sales Increase Objectives 14 Increased Product/Brand Awareness Objectives 14 Viii Budget 14 Appendix 15 Appendix 1 15 Appendix 2 17 Appendix 3 17 Appendix 4 17 Available at: Financial Times LTD 2012, Thorntons PLC Markets data: http://markets.ft.com/Research/Markets/Tearsheets/Business-profile?s=THT:LSE 18 Works Cited 19 Introduction Christmas time is an entertaining forum where the concept of gift exchange is much eulogized. It is a season that main waits with expectations as they appreciates and end the year with the loved ones. Indeed, this season raises the need to exchange gifts to the loved ones and as chocolate remains the best gift for someone special. In the British culture, chocolates augment love language and thought as romantic (Hull City, 1961). During Christmas time, most young couple regard exchanging gifts to their partners as a sign of love and appreciation. Particularly, most men pamper their women with gifts as they are beings who are relationship oriented. In most cases, women are given chocolates as presents as it enhances the feeling of being cared, pampered, and loved. Many people believe that there are creative ways of using chocolates in Christmas time besides eating them. For instance, Clayton (2009) believes that it can creatively used in bedroom for sensual treat and a key ingredient of feeling good. Thornton can utilize this to promote their products during Christmas season as a perfect way of showing appreciation to the loved ones and creating a relaxing moment. To promote products, the marketing strategy plan will present a SWOT matrix, identify the marketing objectives along with target group, product/brand positioning, and product offering. Eventually, the compa ny will present the budget implementation and control of marketing planning. This will create a platform to understand the key strategies of being competent during Christmas seasons. In doing this, we will highlight the major competitors of the company to highlight the possible strengths, opportunities, threats and weaknesses of the